Nanotrap Grafted Anion Exchangeable Hybrid Materials for Efficient Removal of Toxic Oxoanions from Water

Abstract

Water pollution has attracted worldwide significant attention ever since the finding of its harmful effects on the whole ecosystem, including human health. Although several materials are known for selective removal of specific contaminants, designing a single material that can adsorb a variety of water contaminants is still a very challenging task due to a lack of proper design strategies. Herein, we have rationally designed a new class of anion exchangeable hybrid material where the nanosized cationic metal–organic polyhedra (MOP) are embedded inside a porous covalent organic framework (COF) with specific binding sites for toxic oxoanions. The resulting hybrid material exhibits very fast and selective sequestration of high as well as trace amount of a wide range of toxic oxoanions (HAsO42–, SeO42–, CrO42–, ReO4–, and MnO4–) from the mixture of excessive (∼1000-fold) other interfering anions to well below the permissible drinking water limit. Moreover, the hybrid cationic nanotrap material can reduce the As(V) level from a highly contaminated groundwater sample to below the WHO permitted level.