Nanoporous Covalent Organic Framework Embedded with Fe/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Air-Stable Low-Density Nanomagnets

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) made of light atoms such as H, C, N, and O with a significant void-to-framework ratio are excellent low-density supports for nanoparticles (nPs). Their framework can be precoded with heteroatoms to ensure binding with metallic nanoclusters. With these advantages, if controlled amounts of magnetic nPs are anchored to them, they can yield low-density organic–inorganic nanomagnets. Their organic nature facilitates fusion with bulk materials such as paper/textile to enable bulk composites with well-dispersed low-density magnets, which have potential for defense and next-generation aviation applications. Herein, we have grown small Fe/Fe3O4 nPs (5–18 wt %) inside a COF. Interestingly, 300 mg of this organic–inorganic framework material (containing 50 mg of nPs) can lift a vial of ∼15,000 mg (300 times heavier). Also, the hydrophobic COF wraps around the Fe/Fe3O4 nanocluster retaining its room-temperature magnetic character even after 1 year, while the naked nPs lose it within a few days because of air oxidation. Bulk composites with paper and polymers have been made using this low-density Fe–COF to demonstrate their processability.