Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://dr.iiserpune.ac.in:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9285
Title: Universal Statistics of Competition in Democratic Elections
Authors: PAL, RITAM
KUMAR, AANJANEYA
SANTHANAM, M. S.
Dept. of Physics
Keywords: Complex systems
Social systems
Voter model
2025-JAN-WEEK1|TOC-JAN-2025
2025
Issue Date: Jan-2025
Publisher: American Physical Society
Citation: Physical Review Letters, 134, 017401.
Abstract: Elections for public offices in democratic nations are large-scale examples of collective decision-making. As a complex system with a multitude of interactions among agents, we can anticipate that universal macroscopic patterns could emerge independent of microscopic details. Despite the availability of empirical election data, such universality, valid at all scales, countries, and elections, has not yet been observed. In this Letter, we propose a parameter-free voting model and analytically show that the distribution of the victory margin is driven by that of the voter turnout, and a scaled measure depending on margin and turnout leads to a robust universality. This is demonstrated using empirical election data from 34 countries, spanning multiple decades and electoral scales. The deviations from the model predictions and universality indicate possible electoral malpractices. We argue that this universality is a stylized fact indicating the competitive nature of electoral outcomes.
URI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.017401
http://dr.iiserpune.ac.in:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9285
ISSN: 1079-7114
0031-9007
Appears in Collections:JOURNAL ARTICLES

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