Olfactory dysfunction is one of the earliest clinical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), preceding the onset of the motor deficits. PD occurs as a result of altered αsynuclein (α-syn) expression leading to its aggregation. ...

Our olfactory senses are challenged to smell different odorants which vary in their physical and chemical characteristics. The odorants are often transported in turbulent plumes and depending on the source of origin, may ...

In nature, an individual is continuously inundated with multiple sensory stimuli. Adequate reception of information from these stimuli is quintessential for decision-making. The process of decision-making requires activation ...

Navigation is essential for the survival of any animal that has a significant motile phase during its life cycle. Furthermore, the ability to sense the flow of the medium that surrounds them can be found even in animals ...

One of the entry points of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the nasal epithelium. The epithelium harbours the two important cell types, one which can detect the odorants in the environment ...

Early life conditions can shape the brain by introducing changes at multiple levels of an animal’s physiology. Adversity in early life can be damaging to an individual, and depends on the nature, duration and severity of ...

Brain plasticity is the phenomenon by which the neural circuits rewire due to the impact of various environmental cues and stimuli, which helps in adapting to the environment. From dendritic spine modulations to the birth ...

Every organism in their environment is exposed to a variety of sensory stimuli. The ability of living things to identify, categorise, and respond towards these external stimuli is most crucial for their survival. These ...