Low-Bandgap Cs4CuSb2Cl12 Layered Double Perovskite: Synthesis, Reversible Thermal Changes, and Magnetic Interaction

Abstract

Double perovskites (DPs) with a generic formula A(2)M'(I)(MX6)-X-III (A and M are metal ions, and X=Cl, Br, I) are now being explored as potential alternatives to Pb-halide perovskites for solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. However, these DPs typically suffer from wide (approximate to 3 eV) and/or indirect band gaps. In 2017, a new structural variety, namely layered halide DP Cs4CuSb2Cl12 (CCSC) with bivalent Cu-II ion in the place of M'(I) was reported, which exhibit a band gap of approximately 1 eV. Here, we report a mechanochemical synthesis of CCSC, its thermal and chemical stability, and magnetic response of Cu-II d(9) electrons controlling the optoelectronic properties. A simple grinding of precursor salts at ambient conditions provides a stable and scalable product. CCSC is stable in water/acetone solvent mixtures (approximate to 30% water) and many other polar solvents unlike Pb-halide perovskites. It decomposes to Cs3Sb2Cl9, Cs2CuCl4, and SbCl3 at 210 degrees C, but the reaction can be reversed back to produce CCSC at lower temperatures and high humidity. A long-range magnetic ordering is observed in CCSC even at room temperature. The role of such magnetic ordering in controlling the dispersion of the conduction band, and therefore, controlling the electronic and optoelectronic properties of CCSC has been discussed.