Synthetic and Botanical Mosquito Repellent and their Antimicrobial Activity in PAN Membrane

Abstract

Mosquito repellent plays a significant role in reducing bites and thereby extenuating transmission of mosquitoe-borne disease. The purpose of this thesis is also same i.e. to synthesize some mosquito repellents and also to discover botanical repellent. Pyruvic acid (one of the body emanation) was coupled with carboxamide containing moiety to form Pyr-ADB-dialkyl derivatives as mosquito repellents. Pyr-ADB-diisopropyl showed 8 h of repellency against Aedes aegypti mosquito specie with minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.5 mg/cm2. Lantana camara oil (botanical repellent) also showed 8.5 h of repellency against the same mosquito specie at MED of 1.5 mg/cm2. Lantana oil is also an effective antimicrobial agent hence its antimicrobial efficacy was examined immobilizing oil into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. Membrane showed excellent antibacterial activity against both gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative Escherichia coli with a 7-10 mm zone of inhibition. In vitro release of Lantana oil from the composite membrane was carried out in isotonic phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4). Lantana oil was released for 9 h, lag time of 3 h with constant 33% release confirmed PAN membranes as potential system for pulsatile drug delivery applications. Diffusion of E-caryophyllene (antibacterial component of oil) was studied through molecular simulation using Material Studio software ensued diffusion coefficient value of 1.11*10-9 m2/s. Biocompatibility of the composite membrane was assessed by mouse embryonic fibroblasts cell line (NIH 3T3) through MTT assay indicating more than 91% viable cell even at 200 μg/mL concentration. Such membranes can be efficiently used in biomedical applications as antibacterial agent.