Long-Lived Singlet State in an Oriented Phase and its Survival across the Phase Transition Into an Isotropic Phase

Abstract

Long-lived singlet states (LLSs) of nuclear spin pairs have been extensively studied and utilized in the isotropic phase via liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. However, there are hardly any reports of LLSs in the anisotropic phase that allows contribution from the dipolar coupling in addition to the scalar coupling, thereby opening many exciting possibilities. Here we report observing LLS in a pair of nuclear spins partially oriented in the nematic phase of a liquid crystal solvent. The spins are strongly interacting via the residual dipole-dipole coupling. We observe LLS in the oriented phase living up to 3 times longer than the usual spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T1). Upon heating, the system undergoes a phase transition from nematic into isotropic phase, wherein the LLS is up to 5 times longer lived than the corresponding T1. Interestingly, the LLS prepared in the oriented phase can survive the transition from the nematic to the isotropic phase. As an application of LLS in the oriented phase, we utilize its longer life to measure the small translational diffusion coefficient of solute molecules in the liquid crystal solvent. Finally, we propose utilizing the phase transition to lock or unlock access to LLS.